This text presents the two complementary aspects of thermal physics as an integrated theory of the properties of matter. Conceptual understanding is promoted by thorough development of basic concepts. In contrast to many texts, statistical mechanics, including discussion of the required probability theory, is presented first. This provides a statistical foundation for the concept of entropy, which is central to thermal physics. A unique feature of the book is the development of entropy based on Boltzmann's 1877 definition; this avoids contradictions or ad hoc corrections found in other texts. Detailed fundamentals provide a natural grounding for advanced topics, such as black-body radiation and quantum gases. An extensive set of problems (solutions are available for lecturers through the OUP website), many including explicit computations, advance the core content by probing essential concepts. The text is designed for a two-semester undergraduate course but can be adapted for one-semester courses emphasizing either aspect of thermal physics. It is also suitable for graduate study.

1. Introduction I Entropy 2. Classical Ideal Gas 3. Discrete probability theory 4. Configurational entropy 5. Continuous random numbers 6. Classical ideal gas: Energy 7. Ideal and "real" gases 8. T, P, m, and all that II Introduction to Thermodynamics 9. Postulates and Laws of thermodynamics 10. Thermodynamic perturbations 11. Thermodynamic processes 12. Thermodynamic potentials 13. Extensivity 14. Thermodynamic identities 15. Extremum principles 16. Stability conditions 17. Phase transitions 18. Nernst postulate III Classical statistical mechanics 19. Classical ensembles 20. Classical ensembles: grand and otherwise 21. Irreversibility IV Quantum statistical mechanics 22. Quantum ensembles 23. Quantum canoncial ensemble 24. Black-body radiation 25. The harmonic solid 26. Ideal quantum gases 27. Bose-Einstein statistics 28. Fermi-Dirac statistics 29. Insulators and semiconductors 30. The Ising model