Abbreviations Introduction 1. The Origins of Drugs 2. Study Schema 3. Run-in Period 4. Inclusion and Stratification, Part I 5. Inclusion and Stratification, Part II 6. Blinding, Randomization, and Allocation 7. Placebo 8. Intent to Treat Versus Per Protocol 9. Statistics 10. Introduction to Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Pharmacology 11. Oncology Endpoint: Objective Response 12. Oncology Endpoint: Overall Survival and Progression-free Survival 13. Oncology Endpoint: Time to Progression 14. Oncology Endpoint: Disease-free Survival 15. Oncology Endpoint: Time to Distant Metastasis 16. Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Adjuvant Therapy 17. Hematological Cancers 18. Biomarkers and Personalized Medicine 19. Endpoints for Immune Diseases 20. Endpoints for Infections 21. Health-related Quality of Life for Oncology 22. Health-related Quality of Life for Immune Disorders 23. Health-related Quality of Life and Infections 24. Drug Safety 25. Mechanism of Action, Part I 26. Mechanism of Action, Part II: Cancer 27. Mechanism of Action, Part III: Immune Diseases 28. Mechanism of Action, Part IV: Infections 29. Consent Forms 30. Package Inserts 31. Regulatory Approval 32. Patents