Oxidative stress is the state of a diminished capacity of a biological system to counteract an overproduction or invasion of reactive oxygen species and other radicals. This book presents recent advancements in the understanding of oxidative stress, the mechanisms of damage to cells and biomolecules, and pathological implications in disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Disease, cardiovascular disease, cell damage in HIV-AIDS, stroke, autism and premature aging. The book is a comprehensive source of information describing new directions in diagnostics of oxidative stress, including novel detection methods of oxidative-stress biomarkers, prevention by antioxidants, and therapy using novel free radical scavenging agents and natural defense systems

Preface 1. The Role of Antioxidants in Human Health Saikat Sen and Raja Chakraborty 2. Pathophysiological Implications of Altered Redox Balance in HIV/AIDS Infection: Diagnosis and Counteract Interventions L. Gil del Valle, Ph.D. 3. Thermodynamics of Free Radical Reactions and the Redox Environment of a Cell Klaudia Jomova and Marian Valko 4. Oxidative Stress in the Metabolism of Estrogens Leading to Cancer Initiation: Prevention by Specific Antioxidants Eleanor G. Rogan and Ercole L. Cavalieri 5. Polyphenol Compounds as Antioxidants for Disease Prevention: Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging, Enzyme Regulation, and Metal Chelation Mechanisms in E. coli and Human Cells Hsiao C. Wang and Julia L. Brumaghim 6. DNA-Protective Mechanisms of Glutathione Intervention in Catechol-Mediated Oxidative DNA Damage in the Presence of Copper(II) Ions Maria Hepel, Magdalena Stobiecka, Janet Peachey, and Jeremiah Miller 7. Antioxidant Effectiveness in Preventing Paraquat-Mediated Oxidative Dna Damage in the Presence of H2O2 Magdalena Stobiecka, Amanda Prance, Kaitlin Coopersmith, and Maria Hepel 8. Artificial Nanoparticle Antioxidants Erica Sharpe, Daniel Andreescu, and Silvana Andreescu 9. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Neurological Oxidative Stress Diseases A. Y. Estevez and J. S. Erlichman 10. Detection of Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide from Living Cells Using Electrochemical Sensors Szilveszter Gáspár 11. Peroxynitrite and Nitroxidative Stress: Detection Probes and Micro-Sensors. A Case of a Nanostructured Catalytic Film Serban F. Peteu, Saleem Banihani, Mutha M. Gunesekera, Pubudu Peiris, Oana A. Sicuia, and Mekki Bayachou 12. Blue Native PAGE and Mass Spectrometry as an Approach for the Investigation of Stable and Transient Protein-Protein Interactions Alisa G. Woods, Izabela Sokolowska, Rama Yakubu, Melissa Butkiewicz, Martin LaFleur, Christopher Talbot, and Costel C. Darie 13. Mass Spectrometry for Proteomics-Based Investigation of Oxidative Stress and Heat Shock Proteins Izabela Sokolowska, Alisa G. Woods, Jessica Wagner, Jeannette Dorler, Kelly Wormwood, Johannes Thome, and Costel C. Darie Editors' Biographies Author Index Subject Index