Cutting carbon emissions is urgent, but energy policy is also concerned with security, efficiency and access. In the transition to sustainable energy, developing the necessary fuels, technologies and policies will strain many energy policy orthodoxies. Energy for the Future analyzes the changing contexts and fault lines, and proposes ways forward that are both politically viable and likely to be effective. Part I explains how and why the energy policy agenda is changing in rich democracies, focusing on: • climate change and other international agendas; • discourses, ideologies and governance; and • technological ‘lock-in’. Part II proposes new approaches in the areas of: • technology appraisals and policy reviews; • carbon trading and market regulation; and • facilitating action by citizens and developing countries to reduce emissions. Part III provides a succinct overview of the conclusions and the implications for governments as energy policy enters this new and challenging phase.

Foreword; S.Stagl PART I: THE ENERGY POLICY AGENDA Introduction: Climate Policy is Energy Policy; I.Scrase, T.Wang, G.MacKerron, F.McGowan & S.Sorrell International Regimes for Energy: Finding the Right Level for Policy; F.McGowan Energy Issues: Framing and Policy Change; I.Scrase & D.Ockwell Energy Governance: The Challenges of Sustainability; A.Smith Lessons from the UK on Urgency and Legitimacy in Energy Policy-Making; G.MacKerron Lock-In; I.Scrase & G.MacKerron PART II: TOWARDS A NEW AGENDA Deliberative Socio-Technical Transitions; M.Lehtonen & F.Kern Technology Assessment and Innovation Policy; J.Watson Distributed Generation: Transforming the Electricity Network; R.Sauter & D.Bauknecht Energy and the Citizen; M.Martiskainen & J.Watson Carbon Trading; S.Sorrell Global Energy Solutions?; F.McGowan, D.Ockwell, G.MacKerron, J.Watson, M.Lehtonen & I.Scrase PART III: CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS Conclusions: Transitions, Governance and Appraisal; I.Scrase, D.Bauknecht, F.Kern, M.Lehtonen, G.MacKerron, M.Martiskainen, F.McGowan, D.Ockwell, R.Sauter, A.Smith, S.Sorrell, T.Wang & J.Watson Energy Policy Implications; I.Scrase, F.Kern, M.Lehtonen, G.MacKerron, M.Martiskainen, F.McGowan, D.Ockwell, R.Sauter, A.Smith, S.Sorrell, T.Wang & J.Watson Afterword: Sustainable Energy - The Challenge of Choice; A.Stirling