Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L) is an anadromous species contributing to major fishery catches and comprising a significant part of the aquaculturally produced fish for human consumption. The aim of this book is to incite the interest in the field of knowledge gathered from a broad scope of disciplines that have investigated this fish species. Undeniably, increasing fishery pressure on wild fish stocks throughout the world oceans has prompted the need for sustainable aquacultural production for increasing human demands.