Nutrition is becoming ever more central to our understanding of metabolic processes. Nutritional biochemistry offers insight into the mechanisms by which diet influences human health and disease. This book focuses on five aspects of this complex field of study: nutritional genomics, clinical nutrition and biochemistry, vitamins and minerals, macronutrients and energy, and cell function and metabolism.

Collected in this research compendium are recent studies within each of these topics. Each chapter contributes to a well-rounded and up-to-date picture of nutritional biochemistry. Appropriate for graduate-level and post-doctorate students, this book will stimulate further study into this important field of research.

Introduction

Part I: Nutritional Genomics

Bellagio Report on Healthy Agriculture, Healthy Nutrition, Healthy People; Artemis P. Simopoulos, Peter G. Bourne, and Ole Faergeman

Diet, Genetics, and Disease: A Focus on the Middle East and North Africa Region; Akl C. Fahed, Abdul-Karim M. El-Hage-Sleiman, Theresa I. Farhat, and Georges M. Nemer

Part II: Clinical Nutritional Biochemistry

Consumption of Fructose and High Fructose Corn Syrup Increase Postprandial Triglycerides, LDL-Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein-B in Young Men and Women; Kimber L. Stanhope, Andrew A. Bremer, Valentina Medici, Katsuyuki Nakajima,Yasuki Ito, Takamitsu Nakano, Guoxia Chen, Tak Hou Fong, Vivien Lee, Roseanne I. Menorca, Nancy L. Keim, and Peter J. Havel

Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome by Combination of Physical Activity and Diet Needs an Optimal Protein Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial; Frédéric Dutheil, Gérard Lac, Daniel Courteix, Eric Doré, Robert Chapier, Laurence Roszyk, Vincent Sapin, and Bruno Lesourd

A Prospective Study of Nutrition Education and Oral NutritionalSupplementation in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease; Glaucia A. K. Pivi, Rosimeire V. da Silva, Yara Juliano, Neil F. Novo, Ivan H. Okamoto, César Q. Brant, and Paulo H. F. Bertolucci Paul

Part III: Vitamins and Minerals

Pharmacokinetics of a Single Oral Dose of Vitamin D3 (70,000 IU)in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women; Daniel E. Roth, Abdullah Al Mahmud, Rubhana Raqib, Robert E. Black, and Abdullah H. Baqui

Causal Relationship between Obesity and Vitamin D Status: Bi-Directional Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Multiple Cohorts; Karani S. Vimaleswaran, Diane J. Berry, Chen Lu, Emmi Tikkanen, Stefan Pilz, Linda T. Hiraki, Jason D. Cooper, Zari Dastani, Rui Li, Denise K. Houston, Andrew R. Wood, Karl Michaëlsson, Liesbeth Vandenput, Lina Zgaga, Laura M. Yerges-Armstrong, Mark I. McCarthy, Josée Dupuis, Marika Kaakinen, Marcus E. Kleber, Karen Jameson, Nigel Arden, Olli Raitakari, Jorma Viikari, Kurt K. Lohman, Luigi Ferrucci, Håkan Melhus, Erik Ingelsson, Liisa Byberg, Lars Lind, Mattias Lorentzon, Veikko Salomaa, Harry Campbell, Malcolm Dunlop, Braxton D. Mitchell, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Anneli Pouta, Anna-Liisa Hartikainen, the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) consortium, Elizabeth A. Streeten, Evropi Theodoratou, Antti Jula, Nicholas J. Wareham, Claes Ohlsson, Timothy M. Frayling, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Timothy D. Spector, J. Brent Richards, Terho Lehtimäki, Willem H. Ouwehand, Peter Kraft, Cyrus Cooper, Winfried März, Chris Power, Ruth J. F. Loos, Thomas J. Wang, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, John C. Whittaker, Aroon D. Hingorani, and Elina Hyppönen

The Relationship between Folic Acid and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders; Yasmin Neggers

Part IV: Macronutrient Composition, Energetics and Energy Balance

Early Diet Impacts Infant Rhesus Gut Microbiome, Immunity, and Metabolism; Aifric O’Sullivan, Xuan He, Elizabeth M. S. McNiven, Neill W. Haggarty, Bo Lönnerdal, and Carolyn M. Slupsky

Consumption of Fructose-Sweetened Beverages for 10 Weeks Reduces Net Fat Oxidation and Energy Expenditure in Overweight/Obese Men and Women; C. L. Cox, K. L. Stanhope, J. M. Schwarz, J. L. Graham, B. Hatcher, S. C. Griffen, A. A. Bremer, L. Berglund, J. P. McGahan, P. J. Havel, and N. L. Keim

Effects of High Carbohydrate or High Protein Energy-Restricted Diets Combined with Resistance-Exercise on Weight Loss and Markers of Health in Women with Serum Triglyceride Levels Above or Below Median Values ; Jonathan M. Oliver, Julie Y. Kresta, Mike Byrd, Claire Canon, Michelle Mardock, Sunday Simbo, Peter Jung, Brittanie Lockard, Deepesh Khanna, Majid Koozehchian, Chris Rasmussen, Chad Kerksick, and Richard Kreider

Part V: Cell Function and Metabolism

The Inhibition of the Mammalian DNA Methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a) by Dietary Black Tea and Coffee Polyphenols; Arumugam Rajavelu, Zumrad Tulyasheva, Rakesh Jaiswal, Albert Jeltsch, and Nikolai Kuhnert

Treatment of Human Muscle Cells with Popular Dietary Supplements Increase Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Rate; Roger A. Vaughan, Randi Garcia-Smith, Miguel A. Barberena, Marco Bisoffi, Kristina Trujillo, and Carole A. Conn

Index