A rapidly growing field, vibrational spectroscopy has found applications in industries including pharmaceutical manufacture, food and drug safety, and process monitoring on production lines. In particular, interest in clinical spectroscopy is rising rapidly as researchers recognize the potential of the vibrational spectroscopic techniques—Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy—as noninvasive tissue diagnosis tools. However, the details of the characteristic peak frequencies and their relationship to specific functional groups present in the biological tissues have not been fully understood. Vibrational Spectroscopy for Tissue Analysis introduces IR and Raman Spectroscopy to those scientists who are either using these spectroscopic techniques to address clinical problems or planning to use spectroscopy to analyze clinical tissues and understand their chemical composition. By compiling the interpretations and understandings of the spectral peaks of the biological molecules in one place, this book aids in the understanding of IR and Raman Spectroscopy, and what these techniques can offer both in early diagnosis of the disease and monitoring of the progression of the disease. Despite the tremendous advances in the field of spectroscopy, where new applications are emerging at the pace of development, there are still areas of research that are crying for further exploration. This book bridges the gap between the spectroscopic research and medical applications.

Introduction to Spectroscopy History Regions of the Spectrum FTIR and Dipole Moment Change FTIR and Raman Spectrometry References Spectroscopy and Molecular Changes in Cancer Cells Introduction Understanding Cancer Peak Assignments of Biological Molecules References The Biology of Cancer Epidemiology of Cancer Cancer Development Causes of Cancer Mechanisms in Generation of Tumors Oncogenes Tumour Suppressor Genes Possible Functions of Tumour Suppressor Genes The Cell Cycle Phases of the Cell Cycle Regulation of the Cell Cycle Properties of Cancerous Cells Disordered Mechanisms in Malignant Cells References Vibrational Spectroscopy and Cancer Introduction Skin Cancer Head and Neck Cancer Other Biological Molecules Breast Cancer Cervical and Ovarian Cancers Adenocarcinoma Epithelial Cancer Lung Cancer Breast Cancer Skin Cancer Gastrointestinal Cancer Colon Cancer Oesophageal Cancer Stomach Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Gastric Cancer Brain Tissues Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Blood-Related Tissue and Organs FTIR Spectroscopy for Cancer Grading Prostate Cancer Colon Cancer Investigating Cell Lines Analysing Saliva Other Spectroscopic Studies Summary References FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging of Breast Cancer Introduction Materials and Methods Analysis of Cancerous Tissues Using FTIR Rapid Scan Imaging Summary Future Work References Detecting and Monitoring of Cancer at the Cellular Level Introduction Analysis of Resistant and Sensitive Subtypes of Testicular Cancer Cell Lines Quantitative Analysis of the Spectra of 833k Samples Treated Cell Lines Other Testicular Cell Lines Summary Acknowledgements References Chemical Structural Analysis of Bone by Spectroscopy Introduction Raman Spectroscopy of Bone Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Apatites Infrared Spectroscopy of Bone FTIR Spectral Data Acquisition and Analysis Summary References FTIR and Raman Characteristic Peak Frequencies in Biological Studies Introduction Characteristic Peak Frequencies Summary References Future Potential Clinical Applications of Spectroscopic Techniques in Human Diseases Diagnosis Determination of Prognostic Factors Determination of Extent of Disease Process Designing Therapy and Guiding Tissue Biopsy Evaluating Efficacy and Response to Treatment Earlier Detection of Recurrence and Metastases Detection of Tissue Injury Detection of Therapeutic Drug Levels References