Viral Nanotechnology presents an up-to-date overview of the rapidly developing field of viral nanotechnology in the areas of immunology, virology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, and mathematical modeling. Its chapters are by leading researchers and practitioners, making it both a comprehensive and indispensable resource for study and research. The field of viral nanotechnology is new and quickly expanding due to increasing demand of the applications already developed. The editors identify viral nanotechnology as a significant science that concerns itself with how to use the molecular modules that the distinctly different science of molecular engineering only constructs. The current potential applications of viral technology are manifold, with opportunities to revolutionize practices in photonics, catalysis, electronics, energy, biomedicine, health care, and public health. This book emphasizes using viral nanotechnology to improve health. A special emphasis is placed upon using viral nanotechnology for developing vaccines. In addition, it documents viral nanotechnology’s use as a powerful tool for developing drugs and genetic therapies. There is also great potential in its use as a means for diagnostics, including the development of diagnostic reagents and novel imaging technologies for detecting disease and infectious agents. Viral nanotechnology’s rapid and exciting growth is due to the need for new tools in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. The contributors to this volume approach each chapter with the hope that their research and practices will contribute to an improvement in health and life on an unprecedented scale in human history.

Preface Editors Contributors Introduction Introduction to Capsid Architecture Kaspars Tars Self-Assembling Virus-like and Virus-Unlike Particles Adam Zlotnick, Samson Francis, Lye Siang Lee, and Joseph Che-Yen Wang Electron Cryomicroscopy and Image Reconstruction of Viral Nanoparticles Bettina Böttcher X-Ray Analysis of Viral Nanoparticles Kaspars Tars Computational Methods for Engineering Protein 3D Nanoobjects James Lara and Xiaojun Xu Viral Nanoparticles: Principles of Construction and Characterization Andris Zeltins Immunology of Virus-like Particles Martin F. Bachmann and Franziska Zabel Nanomedicine: General Considerations and Examples Kenza Snoussi and Michael Kann Virus-like Particles: A Versatile Tool for Basic and Applied Research on Emerging and Reemerging Viruses Sandra Diederich, Alma Gedvilaite, Aurelija Zvirbliene, Andris Kazaks, Kestutis Sasnauskas, Nicholas Johnson, and Rainer G. Ulrich Virus-like Particles Derived from Hepatitis Viruses Wolfram H. Gerlich History and Potential of Hepatitis B Virus Core as a VLP Vaccine Platform Hadrien Peyret, Sam Stephen, Nicola J. Stonehouse, and David J. Rowlands SplitCore: Advanced Nanoparticulate Molecular Presentation Platform Based on the Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Philipp Kolb, Thi Thai An Nguyen, Andreas Walker, and Michael Nassal Use of VLPs in the Design of Malaria Vaccines David Whitacre, Diego Espinosa, Darrell Peterson, Fidel Zavala, and David Milich Use of HBcAg as an Adjuvant in DNA-Based Vaccines: An Unexpected Journey Matti Sällberg Bacteriophage Virus-like Particles as a Platform for Vaccine Discovery Bryce Chackerian and David S. Peabody Production of Virus-like Particles in Plants Pooja Saxena and George P. Lomonossoff Bionanomaterials from Plant Viruses Alaa A.A. Aljabali and David J. Evans Assembly of Bluetongue Virus-like Particle: Multiprotein Complex and Its Use as Vaccine Avnish Patel and Polly Roy Virus-like Particles Based on Polyomaviruses and Human Papillomaviruses as Vectors for Vaccines, Preventive and Therapeutic Immunotherapy, and Gene Delivery Tina Dalianis Applications of Viral Nanoparticles Based on Polyomavirus and Papillomavirus Structures Jirina Suchanová, Hana Španielová, and Jitka Forstová Nanoparticles of Norovirus Ming Tan and Xi Jiang Virus-like Particle Enzyme Encapsulation: Confined Catalysis and Metabolic Materials Benjamin Schwarz, Dustin Patterson, and Trevor Douglas Principles of Design of Virus Nanoparticles for Imaging Applications Irina Tsvetkova and Bogdan Dragnea Enveloped Viruses with Single-Stranded Negative RNA Genome as Objects and Subjects of VLP Nanotechnology Peter Pushko and Paul Pumpens Traditional and Novel Trends in Influenza Vaccines Peter Pushko and Terrence M. Tumpey Retrovirus-Derived Virus-like Particles Bertrand Bellier, Charlotte Dalba, and David Klatzmann Cancer Therapy Applying Viral Nanoparticles Kenneth Lundstrom Alphaviral Vectors for Cancer Treatment Anna Zajakina, Jelena Vasilevska, Tatjana Kozlovska, and Kenneth Lundstrom Synthetic Virus-like Particles in Vaccine Design Arin Ghasparian and John A. Robinson Index