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Environmental Biotechnology : A Biosystems Approach de Vallero, David, 9780123750891, CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS, biología | medio ambiente, Elsevier, Inglés

Environmental Biotechnology : A Biosystems Approach

Vallero, David

EAN9780123750891

TématicaCiencias biológicas

SubtématicaBiología, Medio ambiente

EditorialElsevier

IdiomaInglés

FormatoCartoné   Año de publicación2010

Páginas750

 
For more than a century, biotechnology has acted as a vital buffer between people, pollution and the environment. The field is designed to moderate, if not eliminate, the stresses we inflict upon the world’s ecosystems. In order to do this effectively, a systems approach must be employed to maximize the sustainability of our efforts and improve the long term health our environment.

This book will address the questions of how and why knowledge and understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological principles of the environment must be achieved for the effective development of biotechnology applications. Using a systems biology approach, Environmental Biotechnology will provide a context for researchers and practitioners in environmental science. It will serve as a complement to the useful guidebooks which provide the necessary specifications and criteria for a wide range of environmental designs and applications by providing the underlying principles for the specifications, an area which is most important to scientific researchers in this arena to develop further technologies.


Biochemodynamics: A Systems Approach to Environmental Biotechnology

Daniel A. Vallero, Ph.D.


Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments


Chapter 1: Environmental Biotechnology: An Overview
Biochemodynamics
Assessing the Biotechnological Impacts
Biotechnology and Bioengineering
Discussion Box: Little Things Matter in a Chaotic World
The Environmental Biotechnology Discipline
Biotechnology and Society
Risk and Reliability: Some Forethought
Beyond Biotechnological Applications
Terminology
Eureka!
Oh No!
The Science of Environmental Biotechnology
Boxes and Envelopes
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary

Chapter 2: A Question of Balance: Using versus Abusing Biological Systems
Environmental Biomimicry
Engineered Systems Inspired by Biology
Environmental Biochemodynamics
Biophile Cycling
Sequestration
Carbon Sequestration in Soil
Active Sequestration
Nitrogen and Sulfur Biochemodynamics
Review Questions
Notes and Resources

Chapter 3: Environmental Biochemodynamic Processes
Cellular Thermodynamics
Importance of Free Energy in Microbial Metabolism
Dissolution
Phase Partitioning
Thermodynamics in Abiotic and Biotic Systems
Volatility/Solubility/Density Relationships
Environmental Balances
Fugacity
Sorption
Volatilization
Bioavailability
Persistent Bioaccumulating Toxic Substances
Discussion Box: The Inuit and Persistent Organic Pollutants
Extrinsic Factors
Biochemodynamic Persistence and Half-Life
Fugacity, Z Values, and Henry’s Law
Advection
Dispersion
Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic Dispersion
Diffusion
Overall Effect of the Fluxes, Sinks and Sources
Biochemodynamic Transport Models
Level 1 Model
Level 2 Model
Level 3 Model
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary

Chapter 4: Systems
Biotechnological Systems
Putting Biology to Work
Scale
Systems Synergies: Biotechnological Analysis
Using Bioindicators
Biosensors
Relationship between Green Engineering and Biotechnology
Review Questions
Notes

Chapter 5: Environmental Risks of Biotechnologies
Estimating Biotechnological Risks
Dose-Response
Exposure Estimation
Discussion Box: Exposure Calculation
Direct Bioengineering Risk Calculations
Discussion Box: Cancer Risk Calculation
Discussion Box: Non-cancer Risk Calculation
Risk-based cleanup standards
Discussion Box: Treatment by Genetic Modification
Discussion Box: Risk-Based Contaminant Cleanup
Discussion Box: Biotechnical Communications
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary

Chapter 6: Reducing Biotechnological Risks
Case Study Box: Genetic Biocontrols of Invaders
Discussion Box: Discussion Box: Biochemodynamics of Pharmaceuticals
Risk Causes
Biographical Box: Sir Bradford Hill
Case Study Box: Managing Risks by Distinguishing between Progenitor and Genetically Modified Microbes
Failure: Human Factors Engineering
Utility as a Measure of Success
Failure Type 1: Mistakes and Miscalculations
Failure Type 2: Extraordinary Natural Circumstances
Failure Type 3: Critical Path
Failure Type 4: Negligence
Failure Type 5: Lack of Imagination
Bioterrorism: Bad Biotechnology
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary

Chapter 7: Applied Microbial Ecology: Bioremediation
Systematic View of Oxygen
Biodegradation and Bioremediation
Biochemodynamics of Biodegradation
Off-site Treatment
Digestion
Discussion Box: Biochemodynamic Films
Aerobic Biodegradation
Trickling Filter
Activated Sludge
Aeration Ponds
Anaerobic Biodegradation
Multimedia-Multiphase Bioremediation
Phytoremediation
Biomarkers
Bioengineering Considerations for Genetically Modified Organisms
Discussion Box: Measuring Biodegradation Success
Nitric Oxide as an Indicator of Degradation
Humility in Biotechnological Modeling
Developing an Indirect, Chemical Model of Microbial Activity
Model Comparison to Laboratory Study for Toluene Degradation
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary

Chapter 8: Biotechnological Implications: A Systems Approach
Systematic View of Biotechnological Risks
Applied Thermodynamics
Predicting Environmental Implications
Environmental Implications of Engineering Organisms
Genetic Engineering Basics
Conventional Breeding Approaches
Modification of Organisms without Introducing Foreign DNA
Modification of Organisms by Introducing Foreign DNA
Transfected DNA
Vector-borne DNA
Environmental Aspects of Cisgenic and Transgenic Organisms
Foreign DNA in Plants
Biochemodynamic Flow of Modified Genetic Material
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary

Chapter 9: Environmental Risks of Biotechnologies: Economic Sector Perspectives
Industrial Biotechnology
Production of Enzymes
The Organism
Health and Safety Regulations
Environmental Implications
Medical Biotechnology
Discussion Box: Patenting Life
Bio-Uptake and Bioaccumulation
Discussion Box: Hormonally Active Agents
Determining Estrogenicity
Environmental Fate of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
Treatment of EDCs in Drinking Water - UV applications
Modeling the UV/H2O2 Process
Environmental Implications
Animal Biotechnology
Agricultural Biotechnology
Discussion Box: “King Corn or Frankencorn”
Genetic Modification
Gene Flow
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary

Chapter 10: Addressing Biotechnological Pollutants
Cleaning Up Biotechnological Operations
Intervention at the Source of Contamination
Intervention at the Point of Release
Intervention during Transport
Intervention to Control the Exposure
Intervention at the Point of Response
Thermal Treatment of Biotechnological Wastes
Calculating Destruction Removal
Other Thermal Strategies
Nitrogen and Sulfur Problems
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary

Chapter 11: Analyzing the Environmental Implications of Biotechnologies
Discussion Box: Biological Agent: Stachybotrys
Life Cycle as an Analytical Methodology
Revisiting Failure and Blame
Environmental Accountability
Life Cycle Applications
Utility and the Benefit/Cost Analysis
Predicting Environmental Damage
Analysis of Biotechnological Implications
Checklist for Ethical Decision Making
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary

Chapter 12: Managing Biotechnologies
Bioengineering Perspectives
Systematic Biotechnology and the Status Quo
A Few Words about Environmental Ethics
Biotechnology Decision Tools
Accountability
Value
Informing Decisions
Green Engineering and Biotechnology
Green Engineering and Biotechnology
Discussion Box: Probability and Biotechnology
Risk Homeostasis and the Theory of Offsetting Behavior
Artifacts
Review Questions
Notes and Commentary
Glossary
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Index

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